img

Cyrtandra kalichii

Wawra (1872)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Lamiales Family: Gesneriaceae Genus: Cyrtandra

ha‘iwale [haiwale], kanawao ke‘oke‘o [kanawao keokeo]

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs 1–5 m tall.

Stems: Stems unbranched to few–branched, rounded to angular, pubescent with multicellular hairs or glabrate.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite, well-spaced, borne on upper 3–5 nodes. Those leaves of a pair subequal to unequal, symmetrical to somewhat asymmetrical, very broadly ovate to suborbicular or very broadly elliptic, (7–)20–45 cm long, (3–)10–18 cm wide. Apex acuminate. Base usually abruptly constricted to a short–winged petiole or to an often undulate, broadly winged petiole. Upper surfaces sparsely to moderately scabrous–hirsute, the hairs multicellular cells short and broad (0.03–0.06 mm long, 0.02–0.05 mm wide), crosswalls prominent and hairs thus appearing opaque and dull brown; lower surfaces sparsely hirtellous, sometimes the hairs confined to principal veins; blades thick, chartaceous. Margins singly or doubly dentate to serrate, sometimes coarsely so. Petioles 0–12 cm long, base sometimes clasping the stem or perfoliate. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers 1–8(–11) in dense umbelliform cymes arising in the leaf axils, moderately to densely hirsute, the hairs with conspicuous cross walls, thus appearing opaque and dull brown, peduncles 0–10(–20) mm long, pedicels 1–18 mm long, bracts distinct or occasionally connate, linear-lanceolate, 5–9(–13) mm long. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx 2–5(6)-lobed, nearly actinomorphic, green, 7–17 mm long, cleft, often somewhat unequally, (1⁄2–)¾(–7/8) its length, the lobes slightly unequal, oblong to linear–lanceolate, hirsute, the hairs with prominent cross–walls, deciduous or persistent in fruit. Corolla usually bilabiate, white, tube subcylindrical, flaring slightly toward mouth, curved near middle, 12–24 mm long, ca. 3–4 mm in diameter medially, hirtellous in upper 1⁄2 and sometimes puberulent in the throat, upper lip 2-lobed, lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes imbricate in bud, upper lobes reniform–orbicular, 3.5–5 mm long, 5–6.5 mm wide, lower lobes very broadly rhombic, 4–7.5 mm long, 4.5–9.5 mm wide. Stamens 5. Ovary superior, oblong–ovoid, 2-carpellate, 1-celled, placentation parietal, placentas 2, ± intruded, rarely joined in center and dividing ovary into 2 cells; ovules numerous, anatropous, glabrous to hirtellous, apex rounded or with a stylar beak; style 3–4 mm long, hirtellous; stigma capitate, 2-lobed, lobes usually elliptic.

Fruit: Fruit a fleshy or firm berry; white; ovoid; 1.4–1.7 cm long; glabrous to finely hirtellous; enclosed by the calyx; often tipped by the persistent stylar beak. Seeds numerous; ellipsoid; minute; 0.3–0.35 mm long; the surface reticulate.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Occurring in wet forest and occasionally mesic valleys.

Elevation Range: 240–830 m. (Ko'olau Mountains); 550–1,200 m. (Mount Ka'ala, Wai'anae Mountains)

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

O'ahu Endemic
Molokai Extirpated

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Beiträge zur Flora der Hawaischen Inseln. Flora 55: 564. (1872)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:762 (O [as C. kalihii]); IPNI 2025 (spelling change to kalichii); Faccenda, Arthur, et al. 2025:186 (Mo†, 1912)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In dark ravine. Preserved_Specimen Storey, W.B. 210 Oahu BISH 1932-11-13
2 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Selling, O. 3615 Oahu BISH 1938-09-27
3 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 1759 Oahu BISH 1914-10-31
4 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Wawra, H. 1788 Oahu BISH 1869-01-01
5 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Christophersen, E. 1691 Oahu BISH 1931-04-03
6 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 13081 Oahu BISH 1918-02-09
7 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Garber, D.W. 328 Oahu BISH 1920-03-14
8 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1413 Oahu BISH 1909-12-03
9 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 154 Oahu BISH 1930-02-16
10 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1966 Oahu BISH 1914-10-22
11 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Garber, D.W. 511 Oahu BISH 1920-08-01
12 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 356 Oahu BISH 1922-08-27
13 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Wawra, H. 1788 Oahu BISH 1869-01-01
14 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Garber, D.W. 511 Oahu BISH 1920-08-01
15 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Russell, P. 49 Oahu BISH 1932-07-08
16 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Oahu BISH
17 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In small, densely shaded, humid ravine, leading into main stream. Preserved_Specimen Storey, W.B. 259 Oahu BISH 1935-02-11
18 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Garber, D.W. 328 Oahu BISH 1920-03-14
19 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 5755 Oahu BISH 1917-09-01
20 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 931 Oahu BISH 1908-11-14
21 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 846 Oahu BISH 1932-11-13
22 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hosmer, R.S. 3028 Oahu BISH 1909-05-15
23 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Oahu BISH 1919-12-01
24 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Oahu BISH 1908-10-08
25 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Oahu BISH 1908-11-14
26 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Oahu BISH
27 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Oahu BISH 1908-01-01
28 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Storey, W.B. Oahu BISH 1930-11-09
29 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Oahu BISH
30 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Oahu BISH
31 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 308 BISH 1912-07-01
32 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On slope in native wet forest. Growing with Metrosideros polymorpha, Melicope clusiifolia, Melicope christophersenii, Schiedea trinerve, Vaccinium calycinum, Anoectochilus sandvicensis, Cheirodendron platyphyllum, Cheirodendron trigynum, Asplenium contiguum, Aspenium acuminatum, Phylostegia grandiflora, Cibotium menziesii, Cibotium chamissoi, Sadleria pallida, Dicranopteris linearis, and many others. Preserved_Specimen Large herbaceous shrub with leaves up to 20 cm + in diameter. Interpetiolar area with a distinct protruding ring connecting the opposite petiole bases around the stem. Leaves covered with stiff hairs. Stems 1 cm roughly in diameter but drying much thinner. Thomas, M.K. 472 Oahu BISH 2022-10-27
33 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Near stream bed. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 702 Oahu BISH 1932-09-18
34 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 152 Oahu BISH 1908-12-03
35 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 1838 Oahu BISH 1926-09-12
36 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Oahu BISH 1908-11-14
37 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Oahu BISH
38 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Oahu BISH
39 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. BISH
40 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. BISH
41 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In shrubby fairly dense woods. Preserved_Specimen Storey, W.B. 198 Oahu BISH 1932-10-16
42 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In small densly shaded ravine, draining in to main stream. Preserved_Specimen Storey, W.B. 121 Oahu BISH 1931-07-04
43 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details wooded gulch Preserved_Specimen petioles perfoliate, calyx green, flower white St.John, H. 25296 Oahu BISH 1954-05-02
44 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details wet forest by spring Preserved_Specimen 1 m shrub; leaves chartaceous, above scabrous hirsute, green, below whitish green; perfoliate petiole collar 5-6 mm wide, 3 mm thick, revolute, fleshy; calyx pale green; corolla white St.John, H. 23366 Oahu BISH 1948-04-18
45 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In dense woods above the second falls. Preserved_Specimen Storey, W.B. 136 Oahu BISH 1931-07-04
46 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details in deep gulches Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Oahu BISH
47 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details wet Preserved_Specimen 1 m; suffrutescent; flower white Fosberg, F.R. 9127 Oahu BISH 1933-01-08
48 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details moist forest Preserved_Specimen 2 m shrub St.John, H. 24714 Oahu BISH 1951-12-02
49 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In rain forest in a small valley. Preserved_Specimen Shrub about three ft rall. Yoshioka, T. Oahu BISH 1933-10-15
50 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Common along trail on wooded slopes. Preserved_Specimen Storey, W.B. 176 Oahu BISH 1932-04-17
51 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details by stream Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 12075 Oahu BISH 1932-09-18
52 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details wet forest Preserved_Specimen 1 m bush, flower white Fosberg, F.R. 10414 Oahu BISH 1933-11-26
53 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details moist woods Preserved_Specimen 4 m shrub, flower and berry white St.John, H. 17656 Oahu BISH 1936-11-22
54 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details wet forest Preserved_Specimen 2-3 m shrub, flower white Fosberg, F.R. 12323 Oahu BISH 1935-11-10
55 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In woods along trail near summit. Preserved_Specimen Yamaguchi, M. 150 Oahu BISH 1931-12-21
56 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details wet forest Preserved_Specimen 3 m shrub; perfoliate petiole collar, 2-3 mm wide St.John, H. 23374 Oahu BISH 1948-05-23
57 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details moist wooded gulch Preserved_Specimen 3.3 m shrub St.John, H. 13361 Oahu BISH 1933-10-15
58 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details moist wooded gulch Preserved_Specimen 1-2 m shrub; leaves membranous, above dark green, below pale green St.John, H. 20185 Oahu BISH 1941-02-16
59 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In woods near summit of ridge. Preserved_Specimen Yamaguchi, M. 146 Oahu BISH 1929-11-30
60 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details wet forest Preserved_Specimen flower white Fosberg, F.R. 8798 Oahu BISH 1932-10-16
61 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details moist woods Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 12115 Oahu BISH 1932-10-16
62 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details wet Metrosideros forest Preserved_Specimen 1 m shrub, leaves chartaceous, above green, below whitish green; flower and fruit white; pubescence brownish St.John, H. 24782 Oahu BISH 1952-02-12
63 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On moist wooded slope under trees. Preserved_Specimen Flowers white. 2- to 4-foot plant. Hosaka, E.Y. 2397 Oahu BISH 1938-09-27
64 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details moist, densely vegetated Preserved_Specimen Fukuda, M. Oahu BISH 1932-09-25
65 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In densely wooded humid gully below the trail. Preserved_Specimen Storey, W.B. 242 Oahu BISH 1933-04-30
66 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Moist gully Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1021 Oahu BISH 1933-05-06
67 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details wet woods Preserved_Specimen leaves above green, hispid; below pale green, hirsute; petioles perfoliate; flower white St.John, H. 20404 Oahu BISH 1943-12-12
68 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Near stream bed. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 702 Oahu BISH 1932-09-18
69 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details dry gulch Preserved_Specimen ovary glabrous hirtellous at base of style Wong, C.C.Y. Oahu BISH 1941-03-02
70 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In small damp, densely shaded ravine. Preserved_Specimen Storey, W.B. Oahu BISH 1932-05-01
71 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Occasional moist wooded forest. Preserved_Specimen 4-foot plant. Flowers white. Hosaka, E.Y. 2395 Oahu BISH 1938-09-27
72 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On slope in native wet forest. Growing with Metrosideros polymorpha, Melicope clusiifolia, Melicope christophersenii, Schiedea trinerve, Vaccinium calycinum, Anoectochilus sandvicensis, Cheirodendron platyphyllum, Cheirodendron trigynum, Asplenium contiguum, Aspenium acuminatum, Phylostegia grandiflora, Cibotium menziesii, Cibotium chamissoi, Sadleria pallida, Dicranopteris linearis, and many others. Preserved_Specimen Large herbaceous shrub with leaves up to 20 cm + in diameter. Interpetiolar area with a distinct protruding ring connecting the opposite petiole bases around the stem. Leaves covered with stiff hairs. Stems 1 cm roughly in diameter but drying much thinner. Thomas, M.K. 472 Oahu BISH 2022-10-27
73 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details moist wooded gorge, stream Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 13420 Oahu BISH 1933-12-10
74 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In moist streambed. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 649 Oahu BISH 1932-07-10
75 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On wooded slopes along trail. Moist shady habitat. Preserved_Specimen Storey, W.B. 266 Oahu BISH 1935-03-10
76 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details gulch Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2543 Oahu BISH 1919-03-17
77 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Moist lower forest Preserved_Specimen Shrubs 2 m.; lvs thick chartaceous, rather fragile, above dull green, scabrous from the hirsute pubescence, below pale green, hirsute not scabrous, the hairs turning brown on drying; petioles conspicuously perfoliate, the collar 1-2 mm. wide. peduncle 1-flowered; calyx cleft almost to base, the lance-linear lobes greenish; corolla white. St.John, H. 20303 Oahu BISH 1942-07-12
78 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Densely shaded and humid. Preserved_Specimen Storey, W.B. 142 Oahu BISH 1932-01-08
79 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In dense woods along stream, approaching the summit. Preserved_Specimen Storey, W.B. 245 Oahu BISH 1933-06-25
80 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet forest. Preserved_Specimen Morley, H. 96 Oahu BISH 1933-10-15
81 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Shrub in small valley. Hume, E.P. 452 Oahu BISH 1932-01-10
82 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen 3 upper petals smaller than 2 lower; leaves opposite; phyllotaxus 1/2 and in whorls of three Forbes, C.N. 1965 Oahu BISH 1914-10-22
83 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On wet ridge. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1150 Oahu BISH 1933-08-06
84 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Densely shaded and humid. Preserved_Specimen Storey, W.B. 142 Oahu BISH 1932-01-08
85 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details dense woods Preserved_Specimen Storey, W.B. 141 Oahu BISH 1932-01-10
86 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 606 Oahu BISH 1932-07-04
87 Cyrtandra kalichii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1413 Oahu BISH 1909-12-03
Back to Top